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Rupa, T. R.
- Cashew Research in India
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Authors
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1 Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur-574 202, IN
1 Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur-574 202, IN
Source
Journal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 5, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 1-16Abstract
Cashew, after its introduction from Brazil during the 16th Century, has established very well in India. A total of 40 high-yielding varieties have been released so far by the Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, and various Agricultural Universities, for cultivation. Of these, 13 are hybrids and 27 are selections. Research achievements in the area of crop improvement, management, protection and post-harvest technology over the last six decades are reviewed and documented here. As India has been importing raw nuts to the tune of 6.5 lakh tons annually to cater the demand of established processing factories, research priorities have been identified to meet the challenges of enhancing production and productivity of cashew in the country.Keywords
Cashew, Research Achievements, Research Priorities.- Carbon Sequestration Potential of Mango Orchards in the Tropical Hot and Humid Climate of Konkan Region, India
Abstract Views :219 |
PDF Views:89
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560 089, IN
1 ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560 089, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 8 (2019), Pagination: 1417-1423Abstract
Cultivated grafted mangoes are not the same as polyembryonic seedling-based wild mangoes in terms of biomass production and carbon sequestration. We estimated the carbon sequestration potential of mangoes in Konkan region, which is a prime mango belt of India producing the popular Alphonso mangoes. Allometric equation developed for grafted mangoes was used to estimate tree biomass. Konkan mango belt spread over 106,210 ha sequesters 9.913 mt of carbon. However, the carbon sequestration potential of these cultivated grafted mangoes is very low compared to polyembryonic seedling-grown mangoes in the wild. Since mangoes in the Konkan region have mostly occupied degraded lands of lateritic origin, such regions have been brought under productive mango orchards. As a consequence where forests have disappeared and mangoes have occupied the region, the carbon sequestered by them is a bonus apart from the production of mangoes. The administrators in these regions must use this information for claiming carbon credits for the benefit of farmers and the local population.Keywords
Carbon Sequestration, Mango Orchards, Soil Carbon Stocks, Tree Biomass.References
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- Carbon Sequestration Potential of Mango Orchards in India
Abstract Views :363 |
PDF Views:81
Authors
Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560 089, IN
1 Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560 089, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 12 (2019), Pagination: 2006-2013Abstract
Estimates of carbon stocks and stock changes in fruit orchards are necessary under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. In this direction we estimated the carbon stocks in cultivated mango orchards in India using an exclusive allometric equation developed for estimation of tree biomass of grafted mangoes. Extensive tree, litter, weed and soil samples were collected for estimation of carbon pools by grouping mango areas based on similarity of tree canopy, climate, and dominance of mango varieties grown in these regions. The carbon held in these pools was then compiled and national-level carbon storage in cultivated mango orchards was computed by multiplying with the area occupied by mango in these regions. The country as a whole has sequestered 285.005 mt of carbon in its mango orchards. This is, however, very low compared to polyembrionic mango trees grown from seeds in the wild.Keywords
Allometric Equation, Carbon Sequestration, Mango Orchards, Tree Biomass.References
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- Ganeshamurthy, A. N., Ravindra, V., Rupa, T. R. and Bhat, P. M., Carbon sequestration potential of mango orchards in tropical hot and humid climate of Konkan region of India. Curr. Sci., 2019, 116(8), 1417–1423.
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- Chandran, P., Ray, S. K., Durge, S. L., Raja, P., Nimkar, A. M., Bhattacharyya, T. and Pal, D. K., Scope of horticultural land-use system in enhancing carbon sequestration in ferruginous soils of the semi-arid tropics. Curr. Sci., 2009, 7, 1039–1046.
- Ordóñez, J. A. B. et al., Carbon content in vegetation, litter, and soil under 10 different land-use and land-cover classes in the Central Highlands of Michoacan, Mexico. For. Ecol. Manage., 2008, 255, 2074–2084.
- Ganeshamurthy, A. N., Ravindra, V., Panneerselvam, P, Sathyarahini, K. and Bhatt, R. M., Conservation horticulture in mango orchards: comparative effects of conventional and conservation management practices on soil properties of an Alfisol under seasonally dry tropical Savanna climate. J. Agric. Sci., 2016, 8, 1–16.
- Ganeshamurthy, A. N., Ravindra, V., Venugopalan, R., Mathiazhagan, Malarvizhi and Bhatt, R. M., Biomass distribution and development of allometric equations for non-destructive estimation of carbon sequestration in grafted mango trees. J. Agric. Sci., 2016, 8, 201–211.
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- Venugopalan, R. and Shamasundaran, K. S., Nonlinear regressions: a realistic modeling approach in horticultural crop research. J. Indian Soc. Agric. Stat., 2003, 56, 1–6.
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- Usuga, J. C. L., Toro, J. A. R., Alzate, M. V. R. and Tapias, A. J. L., Estimation of biomass and carbon stocks in plants, soil and forest floor in different tropical forests. For. Ecol. Manage., 2010, 260(10), 1906–1913.
- Ganeshamurthy, A. N., Annual Report, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India, 2012.
- Gupta, M. K., Soil organic carbon pools under different land use in Haridwar district of Uttarakhand. Indian For., 2011, 137, 1–8.
- Chhabra, A., Palria, S. and Dadhwal, A. K., Soil organic carbon pools in Indian forests. For. Ecol. Manage., 2003, 173, 187–199.
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- Groundwater Decline and Prolonged Drought Could Reduce Vigour, Enhance Vulnerability to Diseases and Pests and Kill Perennial Horticultural Crops: Needs Urgent Policy Intervention
Abstract Views :495 |
PDF Views:176
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Natural Resource Management, ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru - 560 089, IN
1 Division of Natural Resource Management, ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru - 560 089, IN
Source
Journal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 15, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 9-16Abstract
Perennial horticulture in India has undergone a change from rainfed system to drip fertigation systems and from isolated hedge and bund trees to high intensity orchard systems with enhanced number of trees per unit area. In several parts, particularly in the Deccan plateau, the system has now become completely dependent on water pumped from tube wells. Severe competition for water from tube wells makes farmers to devote more water for cash rich annual crops and even sell water for city dwellers nearby. As a consequence, the groundwater level in the past three decades has fallen from few feet to above thousand feet. At several places it has crossed the “peak water”. Frequent and prolonged exposure of fruit trees and nuts to drought coupled with ground water depletion has led to soil profile drying leading to reduced vigour and enhanced vulnerability to diseases and pests. This has led to withering of fruit and nut trees. Perennial crops are likely to become increasingly maladapted to their environment, particularly in the earlier period of climate change they are more likely to be attacked by diseases and insects. Coconuts, areca nuts and mango trees have died in several places and the government constituted committees have recommended compensation to the farmers. As a country, we have dramatically increased our reliance on groundwater. 175 million Indians are now fed with food produced with the unsustainable use of groundwater. This increase has dried up rivers and lakes, because there is a hydrologic connection between groundwater and surface water. Yet the legal rules governing water use usually ignore the link between law and science. The issue needs thorough examination and needs policy interventions to come out of this vicious circle.Keywords
Drought, Fruit Trees, Groundwater Depletion, Peak Water, Perennial Crops, Policy Issue.References
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- Zinc Status in the Soils of Karnataka and Response of Horticultural Crops to Zinc Application : A Meta-analysis
Abstract Views :221 |
PDF Views:109
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, IN
1 Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, IN
Source
Journal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 14, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 98-108Abstract
Zinc is considered as the fourth important yield limiting nutrient in India, after N, P, and K. From the regular soil analysis data, Indian soils (50%) are found to be deficient in Zn and the zinc deficiency is likely to increase in future. Areas with low soil available Zn are often regions with widespread zinc deficiency in humans. Zinc malnutrition and deficiency in human is alarming and is gaining attention in recent years. Application of zinc to soil and crops is one of the simple and easiest ways to mitigate or alleviate Zn deficiency in human. Moreover Zn uptake, its translocation and yield response of various crops to applied Zn are need to be focused for finding sustainable solutions to the problem of zinc deficiency in crops and humans. In this manuscript, importance of Zn to plants and human, Zn malnutrition problems in India and global level, soil Zn status of Karnataka, various factors that responsible for Zn deficiency in the soils of Karnataka and the response of various horticultural crops to Zn application in the region is discussed. Soil maps are believed to be an important tool to delineate and manage nutrient deficient areas. It also elaborates the effective Zn management strategies to improve crop productivity and farm income.Keywords
Crop Production, Crop Quality, Karnataka, Horticultural Crops, Zinc Deficiency, Zn Management.References
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